Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which makes bones fragile and susceptible to fracturing easily, even with minor trauma or without any trauma at all. This condition is often called a “silent disease,” because it often progresses without obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Here are some important points to know about osteoporosis:

Risk factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including aging, female sex, family history of fractures, early or surgical menopause, low body mass index (BMI), calcium or vitamin D deficiency, lack of physical exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of osteoporosis is generally based on a bone densitometry (DEXA), which measures bone mineral density. A T-score is used to compare an individual’s bone density to that of a healthy young adult. A T-score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.

Prevention and management

Prevention of osteoporosis begins early in life with healthy lifestyle habits, including a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, and regular practice of muscle-strengthening and weight-bearing exercises. For those already diagnosed with osteoporosis, treatment may include specific medications to prevent fractures, in addition to non-drug preventive measures.

Complications

The main complication of osteoporosis is the increased risk of fractures, particularly at the wrist, hip, and vertebrae. These fractures can lead to severe pain, loss of mobility, decreased quality of life, and even increased mortality, especially in the case of hip fractures.

Treatment

Treatment of osteoporosis generally aims to strengthen the bones to reduce the risk of fractures. This may include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), hormone replacement, denosumab injections, or other specific medications, depending on individual needs and medication tolerance.

It is important to consult a healthcare professional to assess your individual risk of osteoporosis and discuss appropriate prevention and treatment measures. By adopting a healthy lifestyle and following medical recommendations, it is possible to reduce the risk of developing this disease and minimize its complications.